王迈迈英语

最专业的英语学习网站http://www.wmmenglish.com

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

    (一) 汉译英应试原则

    手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)

    语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)

    内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)

    语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)

    (二) 汉译英基本程序

    1．理解  通读并透彻理解原文含义

    2．翻译  确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词

    3．审校  首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

    (一)、倍数增减的表示法

    1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

    2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

    3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

    4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

    5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

    (二)、时态

    1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). 
 
    2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了). 

    3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).

    4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).

    5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

    6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

    (三)、被动语态

    1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

    2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

    3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).
 
    4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).

    5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

    (四)、情态动词

    1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

    2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

    3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

    4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

    5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

    (五)、虚拟语气

    1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

    2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

    3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

       —— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

    4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

    5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

    6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).

    7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).

    8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).

    9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
   
    10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).

    11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).

    12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

    13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).

    14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).

    15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.

    16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).

    17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

    18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).

    19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

    20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).

    21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).
 
    22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).

    (六)、不定式

    1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

    2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

    3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

    4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

    5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

    6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
   
    7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

    8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

    9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

    10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).

    11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).
 
    12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).

    13) They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).

    14) He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).

    15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).

    16) I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).

    17) She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).

    18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).

    19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打桥牌).

    20) We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

    (七)、分词

    1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).

    2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

    3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).

    4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).

    5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).

    6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
 
    7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.

    8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. 

    9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

    (八)、动名词

    1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

    2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).

    3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).

    4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). 

    5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷). 

    6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

    (九)、非谓语动词用法区别

    1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作). 

    2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).

    3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).

    4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).

    5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).

    6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).
   
    7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).

    8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 

    9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

    10) The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

    (十)、名词从句

    1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.

    2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. 

    3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.

    4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).

    5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).

    6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
 
    7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).
 
    8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).

    9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.

    10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).

    11) It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).

    12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).

    13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).

    14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

    (十一)、定语从句

    1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).

    2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).

    3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).

    4) Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).

    5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).

    6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).

    7) _______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.
 
    (十二)、状语从句

    1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. 

    2) _______________(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.

    3) _______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.

    4) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).

    5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).

    6) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).

    7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).

    (十三)、比较级最高级

    1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?

    2) The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).

    3) This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).

    4) The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).

    (十四)、倒装句

    1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).

    2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).

    3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).

    4) Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).

    5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).

    (十五)、强调句

    1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.

    2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.

    3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river. 

    4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night. 

    5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.