A) looking up to B) standing up for C) leading up to D) keep up with
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
Tides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon’s pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon, on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal “waves” follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the times that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon. When the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at right angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to be higher.
71. The time that high tide occurs at a particular place is affected by all of the position of the moon, channels in the sea bottom variations in the coast line EXCEPT _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.
72. What is the accurate statement about the pull of the sun on the earth?_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.
73. If one high tide occurs at 1:00 am, the next high tide at the same point will occur at about_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.
74. The height of the tide is affected by the position of the sun, the direction of the wind, variations in the coast line EXCEPT_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.
75. If the pull of the sun equaled the pull of the moon tides would _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________.
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “Water”. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.水的重要性。
2.中国的水资源问题。
3.为了生存和发展人们要……
答案部分
Part Ⅱ
Passage One 短文大意
文章叙述了英国南方铁路公司因宣布关闭从林登到邦斯太博之间的铁路引起了一场抗议风波。从这个悲伤的小故事中可以看出当年英国人对他们铁路的态度。从中现代人也可以得到某些启示：我们不再满足于我们目前所处的时代，而以往的，实实在在的东西却令人难以忘怀。
21．答案A。
【参考译文】反对关闭铁路所争论的理由之一是什么？
【试题分析】本题为理解判断题，需要根据关键词语进行推理。
【详细解答】在短文第一段里有一句话：Moreover, the line ran through the heart of popular tourist district. What would the holiday maker do without it? (这条路线穿过一个著名的旅游中心，没有了它，那些假日的游客怎么办？)从这里不难看出这是反对关闭铁路所持的理由之一，故A为正确答案。
22．答案C。
【参考译文】是谁反对关闭这条铁路支线的？
【试题分析】本题为理解判断题，需要根据关键词语进行推理。
【详细解答】文章第二段开头说得很清楚：Mounting local oppsition resulted in a meeting at Barnstaple, where the crowd was joined by very local protestors from the other end of the line at Lynton. (当地反对的浪潮高如山，于是在Barnstaple召开了大会，铁路另一端的Lynton来的人加入了这个行列。) 这就清楚地说明这条铁路的关闭遭到了来自两个地方人的强烈抗议，即Barnstaple和Lynton的人们，故C为正确答案。
23．答案D。
【参考译文】作者对召开这次大会的人们的态度有何反应？
【试题分析】本题考查对作者意图的理解。
【详细解答】作者对召开这次大会的人们持批评态度。这可以从文章第三段文字中所表达出来的语气中看得出来。当大会主席问到从Lynton来的人有多少是乘火车来的时候，人群中竟鸦雀无声，他们都是由公路乘汽车来的。这段文字的叙述充分表达了作者对这些人所持的批评态度，故D为正确答案。
24．答案A。
【参考译文】作者似乎认为铁路成了什么纪念品了？
【试题分析】本题考查对作者意图的理解。
【详细解答】从文章的最后一段，特别是最后一句话，可以判断出作者的意图和想法。Of that age, Britain’s railways are the most eloquent and enduring reminders.(当年，英国的铁路成了最动人心弦、最令人依依不舍、缅怀往事的纪念品了)。故A为正确答案。
25．答案C。
【参考译文】文章说明英国南方铁路现在____。
【试题分析】本题考查对文章细节的理解能力。需要根据关键词语进行推理。
【详细解答】文章一开头，就明确告诉读者：One day in 1935 the management of Britain’s Southern Railway (as it was called)announced…（1935年的一天，英国南方铁路公司(当时的名称)宣布…）。这里的关键句子是it was called，言外之意是：过去曾经叫南方铁路公司，现在不是这个名字，故C为正确答案。
Passage Two 短文大意
本文是一篇说明文，对美国的联邦储备银行给予了较为详细的介绍。美联储是庞大的、复杂的和重要的银行系统，有许多地方银行。其权力主要集中在the Governors之手。美联储的权力有时是独享的，有时与其他机构共享。具体运作相当复杂。阅读本文后我们一定能对美联储有较清楚的了解。
26．答案B。
【参考译文】美联储____。
【详细解答】美国的联邦储备银行相当于中国人民银行。根据文章开头部分的“A central bank
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