ore educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “ intelligent ” .Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates 。”可知本文作者不认同传统意义上的“聪明人”,在文章后面,作者还指出他所认为的真正的“聪明人”,综合全文,不难看出,作者的观点与传统的观念相反,据此可推断 D )项为正确答案。
28.C 主旨题。本题测试考生归纳中心思想的能力,本文论述的是“怎样的人才能算作聪明的人”。首先,作者对传统定义上的聪明人作否定,接着在第二和第三段,作者详述了怎样才算是一个聪明人,最后一段则教读者如何做一个聪明人。故选项 C) 正确。
29.A 细节辨析题。本题要求考生正确理解文章的重要论点。最后一段第二和第三及第四句说:充满艰难困苦的生活对于每一个人都是一样的。因此 A) 正确。 B) “沮丧与不快乐在生活中是不可避免的”对每一个人来说,确实会碰到,但本文作者想阐明的是对于这个“ unavoidable ”的东西,不同的人对待它的不一样,因此,结果也不一样,能够面对“ depression and unhappiness ”而不陷入其中的人在作者看来才是聪明的人,故 B) 不恰当; C) 与文意不符; D) 文中没有探讨。
30.B 信息明示题。从文章最后一句“ Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don ' t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare. ”不难看出,作者所认为的真正的聪明人是:那些懂得困难或灾祸是人生难免的问题,但不以是否遭遇困难或灾祸为衡量标准的人,故 B) 为正确答案。 A) 与原文不符,说的是不强调 书本知识的人一定就是能够快乐生活的人;选项 C) 与原文相反;选项 D) 与原文意思较接近,但没有 B) 更加密切原文所表达的意思,退一步说,“避免不快”不一定就能够“找到快乐”,后者比前者更加困难。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.A 这位科学家在提出火星上存在生命这一前提之后,接着就论述他的这一论点 ( 提出充分的论据 ) 。本题测试点是名词的辨认。 A)premise 是“前提”的意思,例如: Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 给予投资者的建议是以利率将继续下降这一点为前提的。 B)pretext “借口,托词”,例如: He came to see me under the pretext of asking my advice when he really wanted to borrow money. C)foundation ( 思想,信仰等的 ) “基础,根据,出发点”。 D)presentation “介绍,陈述”。
32.D 数次灾难之后,人们就核能的安全性问题进行了激烈而持久的论战。本题测试点为近义名词的辨析。 D)controversy “辩论,论战,争论”,是对有很多人所的持意见分歧较大的有关道德或政治等较严肃的社会问题的争论。如: The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy. A)quarrel “争吵,争论”,后接人,就用 with; 后接物,就用 over 或 about ,其含义多指原有“关系的破裂”,而且,意见的分歧可以是很小范围内的,比如两人之间的争吵。例如: She had a serious quarrel with his brother over the terms of their father ' s will. 她和她哥哥为父亲的遗嘱条款吵得很厉害。 B)suspicion “猜疑,怀疑;嫌疑犯;嫌疑”。 C)verdict “ ( 陪审团做出的 ) 裁决,裁定”。例如: The jury brought in a verdict of guilty. 陪审团宣判了有罪的裁决。
33.B 他们的外交政策使他们征服世界的野心暴露无遗。本题测试点是名词的辨认。 B)ambition 有“野心;雄心;志气;抱负”之意,该词可作可数名词或不可数名词。例如: The students who have great ambitions are always studying hard. A)admiration “钦佩,赞美”。例如: Her handling of the crisis fills me with admiration. C)administration “ ( 公共事物,国家政策等的 ) 管理;经营;行政”。例如: Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. D)orientation “东方;朝向;定向”。
34.C 董事长对我许诺:如果我干得出色,他给我双倍工资。本题测试点是近义词的辨析。特别是 warrant 和 assurance 的差别。 C)assurance “承诺;保证:担保”,相当于 statement made to convince sb. 或 promise 。例如: Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed. A)warrant 这个词对正确选项干扰颇大,当该词是“担保;保证”之意时,它只能作动词用,当它作名词用时,其意为“授权令;凭证,证件”。例如: You should have a travel warrant with you while traveling abroad.I ' ll warrant him an honest and reliable fellow.This material is warranted to pure silk. B)obligation “义务;职责;责任” D)certainty “确信;确知;必然”,例如: England will lose the match that ' s a certainty.I can ' t with any certainty where I shall be next week.
35.A 圣诞树上点缀着一些闪闪发亮的饰物,有彩灯,还有玻璃球。本题测试点为名词的辨析。 A)ornament “装饰;装饰物”,例如: The palace is rich in ornament. B)luxury 该词作可数名词用时,其意思是“奢侈品”;作不可数名词用时的意思是“奢侈;豪华;奢华”。例如: Not all rich people are living in luxury. We cannot afford many luxuries. C)exhibit “展览;陈列;展览品;陈列品”。 D)complement “补充;补充物”。
36.C 面粉和糖是制作蛋糕最重要的两种配料。
本题考点为名词易混词的辨析。 C)ingredients “配料;成分;原料;材料”, ( 多指烹饪 ) 例如: Without the important ingredients, the dish is not delicious.A)element “元素;要素”,该词指一个整体中不可缺少或固有的成分。例如: Justice is an important element of good government. Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. B)component “成分;组成部分;零配件”,多指机械装置的组成部分。例如: I am surprised that the price of the components of an engine is more expensive than an engine. This factory is supplying components for the car industry. D)constituent “成分;组成物;选民”,多指整体当中的一部分。例如: The constituents of happiness vary from person to person.
37.C 文化的传承意味着人类将其语言一代传一代。
本题考点为名词辨析。这四个名词中前面三个都含有“转化”的意思,也就是说这四个词都可以与介词 from...to 搭配,但根据句意,正确选项 C )。因为: C)transmission “传播;传递;传送;播送;传染”。例如: There is a live transmission from Washington tonight.Doctors warned us to try our best to prevent the transmission of disease by mosquitoes. A)translation “翻译”。 B)transition “转变;过渡”,例如: Adultlescence is the transition period between childhood and manhood. The frequent transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness. D)transaction “交易;业务”,相当于 piece of business carried out 。例如: Payments by check easily outnumber cash transactions. 支票付款在数量上超过现金交易。
38.B 我们应该透过那些错觉和臆断,努力去发现那些遗漏的东西。本题的考点是名词的辨认。 B)illusion “错觉,幻觉;错误的观念”,例如: We are leftwith few illusions about our ally. 我们的处境已不容我们对盟友再存多少幻想了。 A)justification “辩明;理由”。例如: I can see no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. C)manifestation “表明;显示”。例如: This riot is only one manifestation of people ' s discontent. D)specification “详述;说明书 (pl.); 规范”。例如: Have you got the specifications of the garage?
39.B 没有人想到那个外表可敬的商人实际上却是个罪犯。本题测试点是易混词的辨析。 B)respectable “值得尊敬的;体面的”,相当于 deserving respect 。例如: Premier Zhou is one of the most respectable man in the world. A)respective “各自的”例如: The three men were given work according to their respective abilities. C)respectful “表示恭敬的;充满敬意的”,相当于 showing respect 。 They stood at a respectful distance from the president. Open minded people are respectful of other people ' s opinions.D)realistic “现实的,实际的”。例如: He is world famous realistic writer. 他是世界著名的现实主义作家。
40.D 如果再不采取措施保护环境,那么现在尚存的数以百万计的物种将会灭绝。本题考点是形容词 extinct 的用法。这道题可以用排除法来选取正确答案,因为根据句子可知 become 后应接名词或形容词,而四个选项中的前三个词都是动词的过去式或过去分词,只有 D )项是形容词,且意义吻合,故 D )项为正确答案。 D)extinct “绝种的;灭绝的;熄灭的”,相当于 (especially of a type of animal, etc.)no longer in existence 。例如: If we continue to destroy the countryside many more animals will become extinct. A)deteriorate “变坏;使变坏;恶化;使恶化”。 B)degenerate “退步;堕落”。 C)suppress “镇压;制止;禁止”。
41.A 科学态度的精髓在于认为人脑必定能够正确地认识宇宙。本题考点为名词近义词的辨析。 A)essence “精髓;本质;要素”,例如: The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.B)content “内容”,多用于复数形式,例如: She had not read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. C)texture 这个词一般指物体表面,物质或织物的“质地;外观;手感 ( 如厚薄,软硬,粗细等 ) ”。例如: She has a delicate texture of skin. D)threshold “开端;入口;门槛”。例如: He was on the threshold of his career. 他的事业刚刚起步。 Are we at the threshold of an era when war will have been abolished?
42.C 老太太的咳嗽已发展成慢性的了,短期内是很难治愈的。本题考点为近义形容词的辨析。 C)chronic “ ( 尤其指疾病 ) 慢性的;长期的;习惯的”,例如: Many people are suffering from chronic bronchitis( 慢性支气管炎 ).A)perpetual “永久的,永恒的;不间断的,持续的”,相当于 continuing indefinitely 。这个词通常用作定词。例如: He was irritated by their perpetual complaints. B)permanent “永恒的;长久的”,例如: She is looking for permanent employment.D)sustained “持久的;不变的”例如: Sustained efforts at purification have rendered the river clear and many species of fish have returned to its waters after an absence decades of years.
43.B 记者发给我们的是一份信得过的新闻报道,我们完全可以相信他。本题考点是形容词的辨认。 B)authentic “可靠的;可信的;真实的;真正的”,例如: Rumors are circulating and we have not got any authentic news. A)evident “明显的;明白的”。 C)ultimate “最终的;最后的”。 D)immediate “立刻的;马上的;直接的”。
44.A 自从让她做了这儿的教授和导师,这就成了她的一种精神动力,推动着她的学生们超越他们自身的期望。本题考点为形容词的辨认。 A)inspirational 由动词 inspire 变成的形容词,意为“鼓舞或激励人的;启发灵感的”,例如: Helen has been an inspirational example for so many people all over the world.The writer has contributed a lot to the society by his beautiful and inspirational pieces of writing. B)educational “教育的;有教育意义的;教育性的”。例如: There are some educational programs for children on television,but there is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. C)excessive “过多的;过分的;极端的”。 D)instantaneous “即时的;瞬间的”,相当于 happening or done in an instant 。
45.D 一些研究者发现某些人的神经系统易受干热风的伤害。这就是我们所说的对天气敏感的人。本题考点是易混词的辨析。 D)vulnerable “易受伤害的;脆弱的;”即 likely to be hurt, wounded or injured, 该词后面与介词 to 搭配。例如: Young birds are very vulnerable to predators.A) subjective “主观的;个人的”,这个词不能与介词 to 搭配 ( 注意和 be subject to 的区别 ) 。 B)subordinate “从属的;下级的”,这个词也与介词 to 搭配。例如: All the other issues are subordinate to this one. He was always friendly to his subordinate. C)liable 这个选项的干扰最大,它后面可与介词 to 搭配,也有“易于……的;有……倾向的;可能的”,但它的英文含义是 be subject to, 也就是说这个词本身并没有“受伤害”之意。例如: Offenders are liable to fines of up to $100. On such a foggy day, a train is liable to delay. 此外, liable 后还可接动词不定式和介词 for, 分别表示“可能”,“应负责任”。例如: We are all liable to make mistakes. Is a man liable for his wife ' s debts in your country? 在你们国家,男人应为妻子的债务负责吗 ?
46.B 飓风具很强的杀伤力,其破坏性在于飓风能造成自然环境物理上的巨大破坏。本题考点是形容词易混词的辨析。 B)destructive “破坏性的;毁灭性的;有害的”,例如: The film shows us vividly the destructive force of earthquakes. Gambling is a destructive hobby. A)cumulative “累积的;渐增的;附加的”,例如: The cumulative effect of several illnesses made it hard for him to recover. C)turbulent “狂暴的;动乱的”,例如: Many people are seasick when the ship are passing through turbulent waves.D)prevalent “流行的;盛行的”。例如: The prevalent opinion is in favor of reform. 大家一致赞同改革。
47.C 在有些国家的课堂教学上,学生应安静而顺从。本题考点为形容词的辨认。 C)obedient “顺从的,服从的;孝顺的”,例如: The commanding officer expected that his men are unquestioningly obedient. A)skeptical “怀疑的;不相信的”。例如: I am rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor. B)faithful “忠实的;守信的;可靠的”,例如: She is always loyal to her husband. Faithful employees are welcome in all companies. D)subsidiary “辅助的;补助金的;次要的”。
48.A 尽管经济前景暗淡,但生产量仍有小幅上涨。本题考点是易混词的辨析。 A)gloomy “幽暗的;悲观的;郁闷的;朦胧的”,例如: When it comes to finding a good job, even those who are highly educated think they have a gloomy prospect. It is so gloomy in the room that we can see anything. B)miserable “可怜的;不幸的”。例如: Now many people in the world are still living a poor and miserable life. C)shadowy “有阴影的;多荫的; ( 喻 ) 模糊的”。例如: Nobody can refuse cool, shadowy woods in hot summer. He was frightened by a shadowy figure glimpsed in the twilight. D)obscure “不易看清的;不分明的;费解的;隐藏的”,例如: Is the meaning still obscure to you? His real motive for the crime remains obscure. 他犯罪的真正动机仍不清楚。
49.B 原始社会的人往往在身上或脸上涂抹油彩以趋吉避凶。本题考点是动词短语的辨认。这四个动词
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