王迈迈英语

2002年10月份全国高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题

第一部分 选择题

Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ______.

A. arbitrary   B. non-arbitrary

C. logical     D. non-productive

2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT ______.

3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.

A. phrase structure     B. surface structure

C. syntactic structure  D. deep structure

4.The theory of ______ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

A. Case Condition

B. Adjacent Condition

C. parameter

D. Adjacent parameters

5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______.

A. polysemy     B. hyponymy

C. antonymy     D. homonymy

6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week." obviously violates the maxim of ______.

A. quality   B. quantity     C. relation    D. manner

7.In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.

A. use

B. accept

C. generalize

D. reconstruct

8.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.

A. language interpretation

B. language identification

C. language choice

D. language planning

9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?

______.

A. Cerebral cortex

B. Neurons

C. Eyes

D. Angular gyrus

10.Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.

A. the copula verb "be"

B. inflectional morphemes

C. function words

D. content words

第二部分 非选择题

Ⅱ.Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_______ study of language.

12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o________ when a sound is produced.

13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b________ morphemes.

14.XP may contain more than just X.For example, the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s________,N the head and S the complement.

15.According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest that someone should see the doctor" should fall into the category of _d________.

16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s________.

17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a________ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.

18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s________ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.

19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h________, one on the right and one on the left.

20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t________ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.

Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)

21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.

22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.

23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.

24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.

25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, "female" occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woman" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in other parts of speech.

26.( )According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.

27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus "peddle" was derived from "peddler" on the mistaken assumption that the "-er" was the agentive suffix.

28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.

29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.

30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.

Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)

31.narrow transcription

32.stem

33.derivational affixes

34.grammatical relation

35.predication

36.semantic narrowing

37.nonstandard languages

38.linguistic taboo

39.angular gyrus

40.interlanguage

Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.

42.Explain what is sense and what is reference with examples.