Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A. at an office B. at a clinic C. at a sports center D. at a classroom 2. A. The service there is not quick enough. B. They sometimes overcharge customers. C. The food served there is not very good. D. They have a lousy service. 3. A. 7:20 B. 8:00 C. 8:20 D. 7:30 4. A. a watch B. a table lamp C. a book D. a fishing pole 5. A. at a military base B. in a restaurant C. at a clinic D. at a hospital 6. A. The man's appearance has changed a lot. B. The man wasn't able to recognize Mac at first. C. The man was surprised that Mac didn't recognize him at first. D. The man has put on a lot of weight. 7. A. at the library B. on the other side of campus C. at his new apartment D. at dining hall 8. A. in B. in any modern capital C. in a big city in D. in any part of 9. A. Susan may be very ignorant though she doesn't seem to be. B. The two speakers are certain that Susan only pretends to be ignorant. C. The two speakers are certain that Susan is ignorant though she pretends to be otherwise. D. Susan may not be so ignorant as she seems to be. 10. A. The teacher never means to let them go later than schedule. B. The teacher always dismisses the class later than 4:30. C. He will probably be dismissed from class at 4:30 this afternoon. D. His teacher never lets them go later than 4:30. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B., C. and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A. In 12. A. A.D.996 B. In the 1240s C. A.D.994 D. In the 1230s 13. A. Because they changed the directions of the rockets. B. Because when they got burned by the exhaust of the rockets, they damaged the rockets. C. Because the rockets could fly straight without them. D. Because they would waste a lot of materials. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A. Queen Victoria B. an English schoolmaster C. The king of 15. A. In 1837 B. IN 1860 C. In 1840 D. In 1850 16. A. A ship B. A famous musician C. A portrait of Queen 17. A. The authorities said it was a mistake. B. The authorities said it would happen again at any time. C. The authorities said it would occur again within five years. D. The authorities promised it wouldn't happen again. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 18. A. With calmness and order B. With numerous crimes C. With confusion and chaos D. With great dissatisfaction 19. A. In the electricity failure that occurred in 1965, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. B. The blackout in 1977 happened to occur in one of the city's worst heat waves in history. C. In the blackout in 1977 only a small fraction of the outlaws were arrested. D. In 1965, the failure occurred at a time of comparative economic prosperity. 20. A. 12 hours B. 36 hours C. 48 hours D. 24 hours Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off 21. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Where do we get our table salt? B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean 22. According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _____. A. tropical regions B. coastal regions C. places in which warm currents and cold currents meet D. the 23. All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _____. A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation 24. What does the word “subtraction" in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean? A. reduction B. influx C. transformation D. freezing 25. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans? A. The surrounding water sinks. B. The water becomes denser. C. Water salinity decreases. D. The surrounding water becomes colder. Questions 26 to 31 are based on the following passage: More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earth's crust. Removal of the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he evolved rapidly both physically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age. 26. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age. B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human brain. C. Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age. D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was not seen until more than a hundred years ago. 27. According to the article, which of the following will induce the depression of sea level? A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the land B. precipitation C. shoreline variations D. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates 28. Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great Ice Age B. to show that it once was the largest lake in the C. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron Age D. to show that it is what remained of the once large 29. Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information provided in the passage? A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain. B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age. C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals. D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted. 30. The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _____. A. rock formations B. fossil remains C. primitive tools used by early man D. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (康复的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助) by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. 31. What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage? A. increase of birth rate B. advance in medical care C. well-administered social welfare D. the decrease of death rate 32. It can be learned from the passage that in some traditional societies _____. A. infants may be left to die when there isn't enough food to go around B. old and sick people are cared for at home until they died C. people are required to retire at a certain age D. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselves 33. What does the word “senile” in the first line of the last paragraph mean? A. advanced in age B. sick C. disabled D. capricious 34. What is the author's attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals mentioned in the paragraph? A. suspicious B. optimistic C. neutral D. critical Questions 35 to 40 are based on the following passage: Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiologists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be. There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. Variability is less developed in the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immune. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the world's population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complications(并发症) caused by bacteria. Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every two or three years, while influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of people will be feeling the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus. 35. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Symptoms of Influenza B. Man Versus Virus C. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza Virus D. Variability of Influenza Virus 36. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza? A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza. B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable. C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the world under the guidance of World Health Organization. D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found. 37. What does the author say about the influenza B virus? A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. B. B virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease. D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings. 38. Which of the following is the most dangerous virus according to the passage? A. influenza A virus B. influenza B virus C. influenza C virus D. it cannot be determined by the information provided 39. What does the word “assault” in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean? A. influence B. attack C. symptom D. damage 40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to which a virus spreads? A. the strength of the virus B. the strength of the opposition the virus encounters C. the ease with which the virus can be transmitted D. the immunity the virus can induce Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 41. The facts he supplied were not relevant _____the case in question. A. with B. to C. for D. about 42. A committee has been _____ by the counsel to look into the causes of unemployment. A. designed B. devised C. worked D. set up 43. Few articles in the newspapers _____more attention than that reporting the murder case with O.J. Simpson involved. A. enlist B. divert C. draw D. absorb 44. Julia _____two children since she got married in 1990. A. gives birth to B. has given birth to C. has been giving birth to D. gave birth to 45. The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _____. A. it has the name Riverside B. given the name C. has got the name Riverside D. the name 46. It took them several weeks to _____the wild horse. A. cultivate B. civilize C. curb D. tame 47. By the time you graduate, we _____in A. will be staying B. will have stayed C. would have stayed D. have stayed 48. He appreciated _____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. A. having given B. to have been given C. to have given D. having been given 49. They left for the airport very early in the morning _____traffic jam. A. in line with B. at the risk of C. in case of D. for the sake of 50. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _____water shortage is the worst. A. not to mention B. of which C. let alone D. for what 51. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law. A. on which to base B. which to be based on C. to base on which D. on which to be based 52. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe _____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A. so that B. but that C. provided that D. in that 53. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _____ stress. A. so is B. as it is C. and so is D. the same is 54. While a young man, he decided to put aside a little money every month to make for his old age. A. provision B. supply C. adjustment D. insurance 55. The sales department has submitted a _____of their annual sales report to the board of directors. A. schedule B. sketch C. shorthand D. scheme 56. It would be difficult for anyone to behave in a _____way when one is in a furious state. A. rational B. legal C. stable D. credible 57. The final exams approached, _____the students became more and more nervous. A. notwithstanding B. for C. although D. as 58. Vingo took a bus and headed for home, if his wife would have _____him back. A. not to know B. not known C. not knowing D. not having known 59. We can make an exception _____. A. in any case of John B. in case of John C. in case of John's D. in the case of John 60. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in A. attended B. had been attending C. was attending D. has been attending 61. It's not safe to carry valuables around here. You'd better _____them in the hotel safe along with your passport. A. save B. hide C. pack D. deposit 62. To proof-read these piles of documents is very time _____. A. consuming B. spending C. expending D. wasting 63. According to the weather _____, tomorrow will be overcast and dull. A. forecast B. foreword C. premonition D. prophecy 64. Armed with all the first-hand evidence, I was able to _____his argument in the court. A. deny B. refuse C. contradict D. refute 65. This information doesn't shed any light _____the problem. A. in B. toward C. on D. to 66. They feel they are justified _____the child because he was not behaving himself. A. to punish B. to be punishing C. in punishing D. punishing 67. We can't just _____his guilt. We've got to have some hard evidence to prove it. A. assume B. presume C. believe in D. guess 68. _____in the first round of the competition, our team took the earliest flight back. A. Being knocked out B. Having been knocked out C. We were knocked out D. We had been knocked out 69. If the door was not forced open, _____that the burglar must have had a key. A. it follows B. it is followed C. following is D. it will be followed 70. The famous football star was _____ with the murder of his ex-wife and her boyfriend. A. convicted B. charged C. blamed D. accused Paper Two Part I Error Correction (15 minutes) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a slash (/) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. Most speakers are surprising to learn that people who 71._____ speak only one language form a minority of the world's population that most people function in two or more languages. 72._____ While few people are truly balanced bilinguals or polyglots who feel equal comfortable with all languages, 73._____ the fact is that most of the world's population functions in more than language. Given this, it's somewhat surprising 74._____ that so much attention is paid to the English-speaking world to the matter of learning a additional language. If so many 75._____ people seem to do it so easily, then just what is the problem? The simplest answer is that there really isn't one. Giving ample opportunity and time, most people can learn as 76._____ many languages as they want or need to. But as teachers charged with the responsibility of adding English to the linguistic inventory of non-English-speaking children, we must be concerned precisely these matters—providing ample 77._____ and effective opportunity and using time as effectively as possible. This chapter will look briefly how children become bilingual. 78._____ First, we'll examine the conditions lead to bilingualism 79._____ in preschoolers, then we'll turn our attention to language learning in the classroom. In focusing on the differences between language acquisition at home and at school, we'll see that there's the potential for conflict from children's informal language 80._____ learning in the home and the more formal experience of the school. Part II Translation from English to Chinese (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of the Test Paper. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. 81. (Lines 13, Para.3, Passage 1) Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. 82. (Lines 15, Para. 3, Passage 2) Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age. 83. (Lines 1417, Para. 2, Passage 3) Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare" if they have a serious illness. 84. (Lines 811, Para. 3, Passage 3) While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. 85. (Lines 47, Para. 2, Passage 4) Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, travelling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it headon. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society. Questions: 86. According to the author, people judge others mainly by _____________________________________________. 87. The author believes that and the conditions in which work is done _____________________________________________ will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. 88. The author believes that _____________________________________________is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. 89. The author believes that only _______________________________________can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done. 90. The author will go on to discuss ___________________________________in the following paragraph. Part IV Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Water Shortage according to the following OUTLINE given in Chinese. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. 1. 缺水的现状。 2. 缺水的原因。 3. 解决的办法。 Tape scripts Section A Directions: (omitted) 1. W: Bob, what brings you here? M: I've been running a temperature for a couple of days and finally I decided I'd better come and see you. Q: Who are the two speakers? 2. M: Where shall we have lunch? All I want is a sandwich. Isn't there a new snack bar in the neighborhood? W: I've been there a couple of times. It's quick, and the price is reasonable. But the food they serve isn't anything to speak of. Q: What does the woman think of the new snack bar? 3. W: Where have you been all this time? It's 8:00 now and the play started forty minutes ago. M: I'm sorry, Jane. I thought you told me it started at 8:20. Q: When did the play start? 4. M: Are you done with your Christmas shopping yet? W: Almost. I got a watch for my brother, and a book for my mother. But I haven't come up with an idea what to buy for my dad yet—probably a new fishing pole or a table lamp. Q: What has the woman bought for her mother? 5. W: Excuse me, Sir. No visitors are allowed here. This is the recovery room. M: I'm sorry. I must have gotten off the elevator on the wrong floor. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? 6. M: Your brother Mac didn't recognize me at first. W: I'm not surprised. Why on earth did you lose so much weight? Q: What can we learn about the man by the woman's response? 7. M: It's been quite a while since I last saw Bill. What do you think he's doing these days? W: I bumped into him the other day in the library. He told me he had moved to a new apartment on the other side of the campus. Q: Where did the woman meet Bill? 8. W: So you are going to spend your winter vacation in M: Oh, anywhere but Q: Where is the man most probably going for his winter vacation? 9. M: Sometimes I wonder if Susan is really so ignorant as she seems. W: I know what you mean. Sometimes people are not what they look. Q: What can be inferred from their conversation? 10. W: When is your class over in the afternoon? M: It's supposed to end at 4:30, but our teacher never lets us out on time. Q: What does the man say about his class? Section B Directions: (omitted) Passage One The first rockets were almost certainly made in Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. Where were the first rockets made? 12. According to historical records, when was the earliest the Chinese may have used rockets? 13. According to the passage, why did the ancient Chinese people remove the arrow feathers? Passage Two Postage stamps are usually issued by a sovereign nation. The idea for the adhesive postage stamp was first suggested by an English schoolmaster in 1837. His conception was derived from similar labels that had been issued almost a century earlier in many parts of Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Who first suggested the idea for the adhesive postage stamp? 15. When was the first official adhesive postage stamp issued? 16. What was on the first adhesive postage stamp? Passage Three In November 1965, In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television. Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them. The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For 24 hours Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. What did the authorities say abort the blackout? 18. It can be inferred from the passage that the New Yorkers reacted to the power failure in 1965 ______. 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 20. How long did the blackout in 1977 last? 参考答案及语言注释 Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension Section A．1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B Section B 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.D Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Part II Reading Comprehension 21. D。文章的主要内容是在不同的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度。 22. B。根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，因为有淡水河流的注入，所以盐度较低。 23. D。文中第一段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增加。降水、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程。 24. A。subtraction的意思是“减少，抽走”。 25. C。文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加。所以C显然不是海水结冰的结果。 26. B。工具的制造对人脑的进化起到了至关重要的作用，这一点并未在文中提到。 27. A。文中开头提到当大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖时，因为注入海洋的地表径流量减少，使得海平面下降。 28. D。作者在第一段的结尾处举大盐湖的例子是为了说明它是一度覆盖2000平方英里的波那维尔湖因为在间冰期的温暖干燥时期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而形成的。 29. A。文中第二段的开头指出，人类最初出现在地球上的时间还不能最后确定。 30. C。文中第二段指出，发现的人类在冰河时代的工具和人骨可以帮助人们对冰河时代的情况有更多的了解。 31. D。文中第一段指出，人口的增加并不是因为出生率的增加，而是死亡率的下降。 32. B。文章第二段说明，在过去的、传统型的社会中，老人一般在自己的家里得到照料直到寿终正寝。 33. A。senile的意思是“年老的”。 34. D。从文章的最后一段可以看出，作者对于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用的大多是贬义词。如dumping grounds， poorly paid, overworked, 和underskilled。 35. B。文章讨论的主要话题是不同的感冒病毒对人的影响，所以最合适的题目是“人和病毒”。 36. D。文章并没有提到人们还没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方。 37. B。文章第二段开头指出，B型病毒不稳定，而且往往会引起大范围的传染病的传播。 38. A。通过文章的介绍，可以看出，A型病毒是这三种病毒中对人类危害的一种，因为它不稳定，并会造成危害性极大的流感的传播。 39. B。assault的意思是“袭击”。 40. D。文章最后一段说明，病毒传播的程度和它本身的强度，它遇到的抵抗力，和它传播的难易程度都是密切相关的。但是文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力。 Part III Vocabulary and Structure 41. B。relevant to：相关，切题。 42. D。“成立一个委员会”：to set up a committee。set up在这里是“创立、开办、建立”的意思。 43. C。draw attention to something: 把某人的注意力吸引到……上来。也可以说attract one's attention to something。 44. B。give birth to：生子，产崽。因为有完成时态的标志词since，所以必须用现在完成时。 45. D。hence是个副词，“因此”。这个词较正式，用法也较特殊，后面的动词经常省略。直接跟名词、形容词。 46. D。tame：驯服。cultivate：耕种。civilize：使文明。curb：给马上马缰。控制，抑制，约束。 47. B。将来完成时常常和by和not. until＋时间名词以及如build, complete, finish等表示完成意义的动词连用。另外在believe, hope, suppose(料想)等动词后面，也常常用将来完成时。比如：I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料你明天就会变主意了。