（一）
In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication ,then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying "I do it" to express willingness to do something in the immediate future ,could, by communicating with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say "I' 11 do it". This difference can serve as a basis for the student to change his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to communicate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.
1. According to the passage, the present tense in English is _____.
A. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future
B. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention
C. basically the same in English as it is in Spanish
D. not the most difficult problem for foreign students
答案：A。文章中提到：“西班牙人讲英语的时候用“I do it”表示在不久的将来做某事的愿望，而以英语为母语的英国人则用“I’ll do it”来表示”。所以通过和native speaker的交流，就可以体会到英语中的一般现在时不用来表示“将来做某事的愿望”。因此只有A正确。
2. According to the passage, language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by _____.
A. asking native speakers for explanations
B. reading good books in the foreign language
C. comparing their speech with that of native speakers
D. speaking without regard to native speakers
答案：C。文章中提到：西班牙人通过和英国人的交流发现了自己使用一般现在时的错误，因此可以得出结论，我们可以通过和native speaker的交流来发现自己语言中的错误。A，B，D都是错的。
3. According to the passage, foreign language students who do not communicate with native speakers will NOT _____.
A. learn very much about the foreign society
B. learn about the history of the foreign language
C. have to worry about making mistakes
D. take advantage of available language
答案：D。首先，文章中并没有提到：“学生如果不和native speaker交流的话，就没有机会了解国外的社会、语言的历史，以及用不着担心出错这样的内容，因此A，B，C都是错误的。只有D是正确的。即：“学习外语的学生如果不和native speaker进行交流的话，就不能充分利用现成的语言。”
4. According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because _____.
A. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language
B. communication is the primary goal of language learning
C. native speakers will ignore their mistakes
D. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language
答案：B。文章第二句：“If the primary goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases.因此如果交流是学习语言的主要目的的话，那么学生就用不着过分担心犯错误。所以只有B是正确的。
5. The author's major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that _____.
A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language
B. learners are often very afraid of making mistakes
C. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language
D. native speakers often do not tell foreign language learners about their mistakes
答案：C。文章的最后一句话的意思是“一个不愿意用语言交流的学生会失去在错误中学习的机会。前面又列举了像西班牙人在和native speaker的交流中才发现一般现在时的使用不当。因此犯错误能帮助学习者发现语言的规律。
（二）
The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture（针灸）to perform operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body. The needles are available in a number of stores in China and anyone may buy them.
To learn how to use the needles takes about one month of training. But to be skillful requires greater time. The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed. A particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.
Today, the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture. They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain, or why a needle in the wrist, for example, would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.
A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep. It has been estimated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation because the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.
6. Acupuncture is _____.
A. a medical operation
B. a medical needle
C. a medical technique
D. a medical machine
答案：A。答案在第一段的第一句话:“中国人用针灸进行手术已经有4000年的历史了”，因此可以断定针灸是个医学手术。
7. Which statement is not true of the performer of acupuncture?
A. He knows where to place the needles without pain.
B. He knows where the operation is to be performed.
C. He knows how to perform the operation to cure the patient.
D. He knows how to use the needles in an operation.
答案：C。答案在第二段的第三句话和第四句话。“The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed.”针灸的医生知道如何扎针，针就不会疼；同时知道把针放在什么位置病人就不会感觉痛。因此A，B，D都符合文章的内容。但是并没有提到他知道如何进行手术来治好病人。只有C是错误的。
8. To learn how to use the needles, it takes a person _____.
A. several months
B .a couple of weeks
C. a life time
D. almost one month
答案：D。答案在第二段的第一句话。“To learn how to use the needles takes about one month of training.”学会针灸要花费一个月的时间进行培训。
9. It can be learned from the passage that _____.
A. the person performing the acupuncture knows a lot about the making of needles
B. an operation now needs fewer needles than in the past
C. acupuncture has existed in China for as long as 2,000 years
D. few patients prefer acupuncture to chemicals
答案：B。A，C，D均不符合文章的内容。从文章第二段的最后两句话“A particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.”说明如今针灸手术比过去用的针少了，因此只有B 最符合题意。
10. Which is implied but not stated in the passage?
A. The Chinese mainly use acupuncture to cure strange disease.
B. The Chinese are learning to be more skillful and efficient in acupuncture.
C. The Chinese have spread acupuncture all over the world.
D. Most Chinese patients prefer acupuncture to chemicals in curing diseases.
答案：B。从文章的内容来看，A，C，D均不符合。从文章 第二段开始谈到针灸时用的针比过去减少了；第三段又说医生正在学习更多的针灸知识；例如：他们正在试图总结一些可信的理论，针如何能减轻痛苦？为什么把针扎在腰上而能减轻嘴部的疼痛？最后一段又谈到，据估计一半多的病人愿意选择针灸治疗，因为针灸可以除病。因此可以断定：中国人的针灸技术越来越精湛，越来越有效。B是正确答案。
（三）
Is teaching important? Well, of course it is. There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members. But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society. As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our county, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past hundred years. Today, we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children can attend schools. Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an" important" job.
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be "responsible". This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young. Teachers' salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in past year. These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers. Today almost no one says that" anybody will do "for a teacher. The public expects" quality people ＂to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.
11. Before the job of teaching came into being, _____.
A. family members had been responsible for the education of the young
B. specialists had been in charge of teaching young people
C. young people had had to be self--educated
D. the society had played an important role in educating young people
答案：A。通过第一段的第三句话可以断定：在有教师的工作之前，家庭成员负责孩子们的教育是正确的。
12. The job of teaching came into being mainly because of _____.
A. the development of the society B. the explosion of information
C. the need for specialists D. the civilization of human beings
答案：C。第一段中谈到：随着社会的发展，社会分工的普遍，家庭成员已经无法满足孩子们对知识、技术的需求，因此在这种情况下，特别需要专业人员，教师这个职业就应运而生了。所以教师职业的出现主要原因是对专业人员的需求。
13. Teachers’ salaries are raised today in order to _____.
A. show the importance of teaching as a job
B. attract more qualified people to become teachers
C. make teachers" responsible" in their teaching
D. improve the quality of public teaching
答案：B。通过文章的最后一句话可以断定：增加教师的工资是为了吸引高素质的人当教师。
14. "Anybody will do" for a teacher means that _____.
A. almost all people want to become a teacher
B. a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him
C. a teacher will do whatever he can for his students
D. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it
答案：D。根据上下文“Anybody will do”意思“教师工作太容易了，什么人都能做”。
15. We know from the passage that _____.
A. it is important to be successful
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