考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November.
[B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college.
[C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable.
[D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state.
[E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.
[F] How can one win the popular vote yet lose the presidency? Let’s simplify for the sake of argument: imagine that instead of 50 states America had only two. California and Montana. Now suppose that candidate A wins in California by 9,000,500 votes to 9,000,400; the 100-vote margin still gives him 54 electors. But then candidate A loses in Montana by 201,000 to 205,000, candidate B gets Montana’s electoral votes. The total number of votes for A is 9,210,500 and for B, 9,205,400; yet A, with 54 electoral votes out of 57, wins the election!
[G] America’s election day is 7 November. On the day citizens who wish to will cast their ballots for the presidential candidate they prefer. The result of this process is called the popular vote, and these days the winner of the popular vote is usually known shortly after the polls close. However, not one of the votes cast on Election Day actually goes directly to a particular candidate.
Order:
G → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → 45.
［试题分析］
这篇文章共分7段，[G]段和[F]段已分别被定为篇首段与篇尾段。[G]段介绍了美国的大选日，并说每个投票的人都可以把票投给所喜欢的人，这叫普选。又说在普选中实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体的候选人的。[F]段解释了为什么会出现假选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因，并举了例子加以说明。从首尾两段可以看出这是一篇介绍美国总统选举的文章，其中解释了一些美国特有的选取举办法。
[G]段末尾说，在普选中，实际上没有一张票是直接投向具体候选人的。这必然后引起人们的好奇。[B]段则继续讲了一个更惊人的情况：某候选人在普选中获胜，但总统宝座却让别人得去了。显然[B]段是[G]段的继续，所以[B]段排在[G]段后，是41题的答案。
[B]段说，How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C]段开头说，The electoral college was created… 首尾呼应，表示[C]段应接在[B]段后，是42题的答案。
[C]段介绍了electoral college（选举团）的情况。成立选举团的初衷是：选出一些智囊人士，集中在一起组成选举团代表民意进行总统选举。实际上选举团从未像宪法制定者们希望的那样运作，他们被一些党派操纵，他们成了各州党派的代言人，他们的选票是预先定好了的。
[E]段进一步讲了选举团的人员构成情总，所以是[C]段的继续，应排在[C]段后，是43题的答案。
[D]段进一步进了选举团成员是怎么选出来的。他们是由在某州的普选中得票多的总统候选人所在的政党，在该州内挑选出的当地的杰出人换。显然[D]段应排在[E]段后，是44题的答案。
[A]段讲选举进行的具体情况，及选举中获胜当总统的条件。[F]段以实便解释了为什么某候选人在普选中获胜却得不到总统职位的原因，也回答了[B]段提出的问题，足以说明[A]段在[F]段前，是45题的答案。
［答案］
41. [B] 42. [C] 43. [E] 44. [D] 45. [A]
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习二
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A] As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count; the exam goes on. No one can give off his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.
[B] The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s.
[C] They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
[D] The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’; young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
[E] A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.
[F] There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: “I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.”
[G] We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
Order:
G → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → 45. → F
［试题分析］
这篇文章共有7段落，其中[G]和[F]段已分别确定为篇首段和篇尾段。[G]段说，对研究领域所取得的成果我们都可能发出赞叹，但是测试人的知识和能力的考试仍然像以往那样原始。令人不可理解的是经过了这么多年教育家们还没有找到更有效、更可靠的方法，仍然依赖考试。尽管有人声考试是为了测试你所学到的东西，但实际上人们都知道考试的结果适得其反。
从[G]段可以看出作者对考试是否定态度的。[F]段说，要想测试一个人真正的能力肯定有更为简单、更为有效的方法。作者甚至认为考试机构举办考试只不过是为了赚钱罢了。根据首尾两段，可以看出本篇文章是谈论考试，并且作者是不喜欢这种测试形式的，了解了这两点对重新安排段落的次序很在帮助。
[A]段说，考试的最大作用就是制造焦虑，因此考试维系着许多重大事伯，有可能一个人的未来就由几次考试来决定。不管你当时心情不好，或你的母亲刚刚去世，考试还是照旧进行。当一个人处于极度恐慌是经历了一个不眠之夜后，他是不可能发挥出最佳水平的。这一段紧接[G]段，诉说考试的弊端，街接紧密，所以[A]段是41题的答案。
[A]段指出了考试的弊端，下面一段有可能
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