王迈迈英语

Part B备选 新题型
Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points )

[A] All very traditional. But what about the common complaint that reservations preserve the cultural heritage of Native Americans only at the cost of keeping them away in what are, in effect, poor rural quarters? 

[B] The county, one of two on the Cheyenne river Indian reservation, has a poverty rate of 49.1%, the highest of any of the 3,141 “counties or county equivalents” in the United States. The reservation covers 2.8m acres of rolling prairie under an expansive sky, yet the homes can be as overcrowded as any city housing project. Agriculture is still the mainstay of the economy. The skyline of Dupree (population 450) is dominated by a grain elevator. 

[C] In popular opinion, the prosperity of native Americans no longer depends on either land or livestock. Casinos (gambling houses) are meant to be the “new buffalo (cattle in North America)”. According to a 2002 study by William Evans and Julie Topoleski of the University of Maryland, employment rises by an average of 26% in counties that open a casino. But the “new buffalo” on the Cheyenne River reservation are, well, buffalo. 

[D] But Indians own only about half of the reservation’s land. And those acres are themselves only one fragment of the Great Sioux reservation, which in the 19th century spanned both North and South Dakota. In 1877, the Sioux were deprived of the gold-rich Black Hills and in 1889, the remainder of the reservation was dismembered into six parts. The Cheyenne river reservation, one of those six fragments, was destined to become smaller still. It lost more than 100,000 acres beneath the waters of Lake Oahe, a reservoir created in 1962 by the Army Corps of Engineers. 

[E] The tribe has won recognition from Harvard University for its project to restore the prairie grasslands on which the animals thrive. Its herd of about 2,000 is admired by conservationists and tourists alike. Should they want to take one home with them, visitors can also pay $3,000 for the right to hunt a bull (and another $300 to have it skinned and quartered). 

[F] The village of Red Scaffold in Ziebach County, South Dakota, can be reached only by laboring through the deep trenches of an unpaved, gravel road. Cars, built for a world of asphalt and white lines, do not have an easy life here. The corners of many housing plots serve as a kind of knacker’s yard for broken vehicles. 

[G] Scholars at Harvard’s Project on American Indian Economic Development argue that some of the most successful tribes are actually the most culturally conservative. Tribes that have preserved their native tongue and circumscribed their membership also run better timber ventures and housing projects, says Miriam Jorgensen in a study published in 2000. Tribal languages and “blood quantum” rules—which specify how closely related to the tribe a member must be—serve as useful proxies for the kind of social cohesion necessary for development. Reservations are not ghettos from which the poor must escape, but small, land-locked nations, which must take charge of their own affairs and find a niche in the wider economy. And buffalo tourism is not a bad way to begin. 

Order：
(F)——(41. )——(42. )——(43. )——(44. )——(45. )—— (G)

Part C翻译题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)

　　Nothing has done as much to hasten the spread around the world of fact, fiction or rumour as the internet. (46) The rapid spread of information from a wide variety of sources, from reputable news organisations to lone bloggers, has fostered an openness unforeseen when the internet was created as part of an American military-research project in the 1960s. And the web is widely accepted as a key component of the technological revolution that has boosted global productivity and wealth. 

　　It is therefore ironic that the United Nations’ World Summit on the Information Society, which begins on Wednesday November 16th, is being hosted by Tunisia. (47) Discussions on the future of a technology that derives much of its success from the fact that it is decentralised, unregulated and largely uncontrolled will take place in a country reluctant to embrace political freedoms and human rights. Nevertheless, the host country’s poor rights record is unlikely to cause much of a stir among the gathered cyber-throng in Tunis. Instead, the main topic of discussion—and main source of tension—will be America’s internet hegemony. 

　　After almost two years of preparatory meetings, national delegates to the summit have failed so far to reach consensus on the issue of internet governance. The web’s vital role as global communications tool has evolved mainly without either the help or hindrance of governments. (48) But although its decentralised nature keeps it beyond the control of politicians for the most part, its infrastructure requires some management, and to the irritation of many other countries, the system in place is predominantly American-run,. 

　　Many countries want to relieve America of its unilateral role in the governance of the internet and hand power to a new body under the auspices of the UN’s International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Brazil, China and Saudi Arabia have called for a new intergovernmental forum with a policy-making mechanism for the internet. (49) America contends that this should be little more than a talking shop, completely lacking in formal powers, since existing mechanisms to co-ordinate the underlying infrastructure of the Internet’s addressing system are sufficient. 

　　America’s position was further marginalised when, in September, the European Union withdrew its support for the current arrangements. (50) Siding with America’s critics, it proposed a governmental approach intended as a compromise between those favouring UN oversight and the Americans. But the United States argues that handing control of the internet to the UN or a separate intergovernmental agency would invite slow-witted bureaucratic meddling, which could hinder the internet’s development. 

Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A 小作文
51. Directions:
Your university, Xinhua University, is going to celebrate its 60th anniversary. Write an announcement which covers the following information.
　　1) opening and closing dates of the celebrations,
　　2) celebration activities,
　　3) an invitation to all the past students, and
　　4) ways to contact .
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the announcement. Use Xinhua University at the end of the announcement. You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Part B大作文
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. 

　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)