Section I Use of English
Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D （10 points）
Predictions of large populations of robots in industry have yet to come true. For a decade or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The market for 1 robots is now oversupplied, and the driving force of the robotics (机器人技术) revolution is 2 to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most.
"Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty 3 finding customers. They are offering big 4 just to get in the door. There has been a 5 growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we have to admit we are either deceiving 6 or that the market is slowly growing, ”said John Reekie, Chairman of Colne Robotics. "The following things must happen 7 the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy (文化), 8 there has been a computer literacy program, there must be a robot literacy campaign. We must also 9 not just a cut in, but a collapse of robot prices. 10 , some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be 11 "
Colne makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small 12 with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colne with others and departments in universities such as Surrey,
The little companies either bring their educational machines 17 an industrial standard or design from scratch (从头做起). One technique that they all adopt is to choose 18 components where possible. The major cost of making 19 their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is 20 scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The use of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.
1. A. small B. educational C. big D. business
2. A. claimed B. called C. said D. told
3. A. to B. with C. over D. in
4. A. money B. discounts C. prices D. costs
5. A. exciting B. encouraging C. despairing D. disappointing
6. A. ourselves B. customers C. companies D. us
7. A. to B. for C. in D. with
8. A. as if B. even though C. just as D. although
9. A. finish B. reach C. accomplish D. achieve
10. A. However B. Finally C. Whereas D. Therefore
11. A. capable B. possible C. probable D. available
12. A. compared B. comparing C. contrasted D. contrasting
13. A. than B. above C. over D. from
14. A. tools B. robots C. machines D. electronics
15. A. other B. big C. little D. robot
16. A. expensive B. artificial C. educational D. low-cost
17. A. up to B. to C. in D. about
18. A. mechanical B. standard C. cheap D. small
19. A. much B. many C. both D. some
20. A. more B. less C. no D. least
section Ⅱ reading comprehension
part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)
Test 1
Guthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.
One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.
The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space, ff paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center.
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.
21. The purpose of this passage is to _________
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate
22. Guthrie identified three methods for ___________
A. educating students B. altering bad habits
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies
23. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.
24. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method.
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method.
25. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _________
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneously
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted response
Test 2
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes ff they want to be competitive.
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.
General Motors, the
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising vegetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre".
When translated into GerInan, Pepsis popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers in
Successful international marketing doesn t stop with good translations other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the latin American market but the product amused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies am becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.
The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders.
The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.
26. The best title of this passage might be _________
A. Culture Is Very Important in Advertising
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations
C. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles
27. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage?
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default
28. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations
C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders
29. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "camellia" most probably mean __________.
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell
B. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals
C. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals
D. an omament used in perfume and at funerals
30. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to _________
A. fire the translators who don’t know the target language
B. use the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders
C. avoid cuhuml oversights and avoid certain jokes
D. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries
Test 3
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bm&et went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss s job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up——executives are exceedingly dedicated.
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.
These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor s admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search finns," is a growing industry.
31. We can infer from the second paragraph that __________
A. promotion depends on amiability
B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level
C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates
D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry
32. The term "aerobic exercise" (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of __________
A. hallucination exercise
B. physical exercise
C. meditation exercise
D. entertainment
33. From the last paragraph we can gather that __________
A. there are too many aggressive executives
B. individual talent is not essential for a company
C. the job of an "executive search finns" is corporate head-hunting
D. it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks
34. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where __________
A. they can conduct their business
B. they can indulge themselves
C. they can cultivate their mind
D. they can exercise as well as socialize
35. What is NOT true according to the article?
A. Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings.
B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.
C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.
D. Executives are careful of what they eat.
Test 4
In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultra nationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japans Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the
In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on
Mishima has been called "
36. The article implies that ___________
A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was young
B. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer
C. Mishima is a person who is hard to define
D. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer
37. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ____________
A. to capture the commanding general
B. to urge the government to declare a war against
C. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional government
D. to force the Emperor to give up the throne
38. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima __________
A. was well received by the soldiers
B. was laughed at by the soldiers
C. impressed the commanding general
D. left a deep impression to the soldiers
39. What is true according to article?
A. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero’s death.
B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishimas suicide attempt.
C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishimas speech.
D. One of Mishimas aides was killed by the soldiers.
40. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had __________.
A. written "Patriotism," one of his most powerful stories
B. written eighty short stories
C. published "A Forest in Flower"
D. published "Confession of a Mask"
Part B
Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In the
41.__________________________________.
The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life and death.
42.__________________________________.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the
43．___________________________________. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.
44._____________________________________________. for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the
[A]If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
[B]If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention.
[C]The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
[D] How men first learnt to invent words is unknown；in other words，the origin of language is a mystery．
[E]But it is not true in all countries.
[F] The power of words，then，lies in their associations-the things they bring up before our minds.
[G]Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently; promptness (准时) is valued highly in American life.
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
(46) Women, because of the availability of such outlets as crying for the expression of emotion, are likely to suffer from fewer psychological disturbances than men.
I know of no studies on the expression of the emotions in businesswomen. But the increase in psychological disorders among women in recent years suggests that women in business may be attempting to restrain the normal expression of their emotions. If so, I would say that this is not good. (47)Women in business who believe that in order to succeed, they must imitate men are barking up the wrong tree.
I am not suggesting that every time one runs into a major frustration, one ought to have a good cry. I think this would be silly. Crying should be reserved for the appropriate situation, and that is whenever ones organism indicates the necessity. In this respect the American male has a great deal to learn from the American female whether in business or out of it. In business the emotions that are likely to be called into play tend to be the angry emotions, and crying is not a natural way of expressing such emotions.(48) Opportunities to blow off steam in ways appropriate to the occasion should be provided until such time as we have striven to produce human beings who have learned to deal with their frustrations in a constructive manner.
(49) It would be absurd to suggest that the psychological disorders from which man suffer in
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51．Directions: Your university is going to hold an academic communication party with Colorado University of USA , you are asked to write an invitation to Professor Zhang to attend the meeting. Write it according to the following guide lines:
1) give him the formal invitation,
2) invite him to submit a paper or give a lecture,
3) confirm his coming.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Online Chatting, Good or Bad? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be about 200 words. Remember to write clearly on the Answer Sheet 2.
Outline:
1. Online talking has become fashionable.
2. Different attitudes towards online chatting.
3. Your opinion. (20 points)
答案及详解
Section I Use of English
1．【答案】C
【解析】从第一段第二句可知，大型机器人的生产使工业更具竞争性，而本题句则进一步指出“目前大型机器人的市场已经饱和”，所以根据上下文逻辑关系，应选择C.。
2．【答案】A
【解析】claimed“要求，主张，需要”；called“称为”；said“说，报道”；told“告诉，告知”。题句意为“目前大型机器人的市场已经饱和，而机器人技术进化的驱动力要求制造商制造的机器能在几英里之外遥控。”从上下文来看，只有A.能正确表达题意。
3．【答案】D
【解析】“to be in difficulty in doing something”，“have difficulty in doing something”均为介词短语固定用法，意为“对做…有困难”，故D.应为答案。
4．【答案】B
【解析】money“钱”；discounts“折扣”；prices“价格”；costs“成本，花费”。从前面内容可知，大型机器人市场已经饱和，厂家寻找用户出现困难，故只得打折降价来促销。另外题句中动词offer也只能选择discounts，答案应为B.。
5．【答案】D
【解析】exciting“令人激动的”；encouraging“鼓舞人心的”；despairing“绝望的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。由于“大型机器人市场已经饱和，厂家寻找用户出现困难，故只得打折降价来促销。”所以机器人在各地的销售增长应该是“令人失望的”，答案应为D.。
6．【答案】A
【解析】从题句中的动词deceiving“欺骗”的前后逻辑关系来看，应该是“欺骗自己”，而不可能是“欺骗顾客”或“公司”，D. us在语法上不符，只能选择A.。
7．【答案】B
【解析】此处应该填入表示“目的”的介词，四个选项中只有B. for具有这个功能。
8．【答案】C
【解析】as if“好像”；even though“即使”；just as“正像”；although“尽管”。从上下文关系来看，这里填入的逻辑词不表示让步、假设和转折，而是一种比较关系，故应填入C. just as。
9．【答案】D
【解析】finish“完成，结束”；reach“达到”；accomplish“完成，实现”；achieve“取得，实现”。前面提到要使机器人技术革命发生要做到以下三件事：叙述第一件事时句中结构为“We must achieve．．．”；本句叙述第二件事，句中结构明显与第一句一致“We must also．．．”，由于使用了副词also，所以应填入与前一句一样的动词。答案应为D.。
10．【答案】B
【解析】However“无论如何”；Finally“最后”；Whereas“然而”；Therefore“因此”。
前面列举了所提到的三件事中的两件，本句提到第三件，也是最后一件，故按逻辑关系应选用B. Finally。
11．【答案】D
【解析】capable“有能力的”；possible“可能的”；probable“很可能的”；available“可利用的”。题句意为“最后，某种人工智能需要加以利用。”其它选项均不能表达此意义，只能选D.。
12．【答案】A
【解析】compare意为“比较”，contrast意为“对比”，两者意义明显不同。(as)compared with为习惯用语，意为“和…比较起来”。题句意为“与ASEA和Fujitsu Fanuc公司比较起来， Colne公司很小。”故答案应为A.。
13．【答案】C
【解析】have(possess)an advantage over为固定搭配，意为“胜过，优于”，其它介词不能与advantage构成搭配，故答案只能为C.。
14．【答案】B
【解析】tools“工具”；robots“机器人”；machines“机器”；electronics“电子学”。从上下文可知，大公司生产和销售昂贵的机器人，而不是其它机器、工具等，故选A.。
15．【答案】C
【解析】从上下文来看，前一句提到大公司生产销售机器人的情况，接着自然会对比地谈到小公司的情况，并且本段也一直在作这两种公司的比较，故答案应为C.。
16．【答案】D
【解析】expensive“昂贵的”；artificial“人造的”；educational“教育的”；low-cost“低成本的”。题句意为“小公司制造用于教育人的机器人，而现在他们认识到他们能满足对小型和低成本机器人的需求。”从逻辑上判断，答案只能为D.。
17．【答案】A
【解析】bring．．．up to意为“使．．．达到”；bring．．．to意为“使复苏”；bring in意为“引入”；bring about意为“引起，造成”。题句意为“小公司或是使自己的教育机器达到一种工业标准，或是从头开始设计。”根据题意，答案应为A.。
18．【答案】B
【解析】mechanical“机械的”；standard“标准的”；cheap“便宜的”；small“小的”。题句意为“他们都采用的一种方法是只要可能就选用标准零件。”第一句也提到他们要使自己的机器达到工业标准，故B.应为正确选择。
19．【答案】C
【解析】由于第一句提到小公司主要制造教育用机器和重新设计机型，故本句也是指这两种产品，答案明显为C.。
20．【答案】B
【解析】前一句提到以电子技术为主要成本的两种产品将降价，对比之下，以机械为成本的产品的降价余地就很小。故可推断答案应为B.。
Section Ⅱ
Part A
21．【答案】A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，旨在介绍格思里的相邻原则在少儿教育中的运用，所以选A。inform传达信息(说明文)；persuade说服(议论文)；debate辩论(议论文)；narrate叙述(记叙文)。
22．【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段可知，格思里的相邻原则提出了一些如何改变怀习惯的建议。下文讲述的才是这原则在教育领域的运用，所以选B。
23．【答案】D
【解析】由第二段可知，开端法(threshold method)和少儿能集中注意力的时间长短有关，教师应该循序渐进，慢慢延长其注意力集中时间，所以B是正确的；根据第三段可知，开端法还可用于训练少儿书写习惯，行高应先宽后窄，所以C正确；再由此引申出去，开端法就是循序渐进的方法，所以A也正确；阅读下文可知，D是疲倦法(fatigue method)的运用。
24．【答案】C
【解析】此题题干较长，仔细阅读后不难发现这运用的是矛盾反应法(incompatible response method)，即利用在做某一件事时，无法同时做另一件事而改变习惯，所以选C。
25．【答案】C
【解析】在理解文中提到的三种方法的基础上可以判断，A选项把矛盾反应法和疲倦法混为一谈了，B混淆了开端法和矛盾反应法，D则混淆了疲倦法和矛盾反应法，只有C正确。
26．【答案】A
【解析】通读全文可知文章主要讨论广告如何在不同的文化中取得正面理想效果，归纳时应抓住文化和广告这两点，符合题意的只有A。
27．【答案】B
【解析】blunder n．(由于愚昧、无知、粗心等造成的)大错；vi．犯大错误，跌跌撞撞地走；vt．笨拙地做／说出，本文中的意思显然是“大错”，所以选B。
28．【答案】B
【解析】第三段至第六段的大意就在第三段里可以找到，Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising．句意为：错误是国际广告众多错误的根源。第四到六段举例说明这句话的含义，所以选B。
29．【答案】C
【解析】camellia茶花，根据上下文可推测出茶花可以用来做香水，但茶花在拉丁美洲常常用在葬礼上，所以选C。
30．【答案】C
【解析】倒数第五段总结了在外国市场打广告时，商家要注意翻译问题，要对各种文化的差别非常敏感；最后一段又补充一点应当避免使用笑话，所以C项正确。
31．【答案】D
【解析】第二段倒数第二句讲到执行官应当十分熟悉自己的公司以及所处的行业，所以常常每晚带上满满一公文包的资料回家，因此选D。
32．【答案】B
【解析】aerobic exercise指“有氧健身法”，是一种体育锻炼，故选B。
33．【答案】C
【解析】根据最后一段第一句话Corporate head-hunting，carded on by “executive search firms，”is a growing industry．可知executive search firm的工作是帮公司猎头，故选C。
34．【答案】D
【解析】第三段最后一句Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing．打高尔夫既是一种锻炼，同时也提供社交机会，因此选D。
35．【答案】C
【解析】本题选不正确的叙述。A执行官们倾向于忽视医生的建议和警告，由第四段倒数第二句But his doctor’s admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears．可知是正确的，所以不选。B执行官们对来自年轻一代的压力是敏感的，由第四段最后一句可知是正确的，所以不选。C所有的首席执行官都可以每年赚数百万美元，由本文第一句可知此说法太绝对，只是说通常(usual)可赚这么多，所以不正确，应选。D执行官们对他们吃的东西很谨慎，由第四段第一句“goes easy on butter and alcohol，and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running．”可知，他们很少吃黄油和酒精，还有那些会使他们不能很好工作的食物。go easy的意思是to not take or use too much of something所以此句也正确，不选。