2004年考研英语英译汉试题
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre(古怪的) data from "exotic（外来的）" language, were not always so grateful. (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis（假说）, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
英译汉参考答案
解析：将assume 译为 “假设”不符合汉语习惯，应意译为 “认为”。Have connection with 应为 “与…有联系、关联”。Which 引导的非限制性定语从句是翻译的难点，which指代的是前面整句话，因此应译作 “这一观点”。Diverse 应理解为 “不同的”，意译为 “语言的千差万别”。Take root 意为 “扎根”。
解析：be obliged to意为 “缴…”，have since vanished 意为 “从那以后消失了，不复存在了”，since 表示的 “从此以后”之意应体现出来。die out “消失”之意，译作 “死亡，消失”均不妥。
解析：strikingly修饰different，指差别很明显，so…that “如此…以致”的固定搭配也是得分要点，newly described 和well studied均为过去分词短语作定语修饰languages，分别译作 “就近被描述的”和 “得到充分研究的”。Accuse of 表示 “指责”，译作 “控告”不得分。
解析：being interested in …为现在分词短语表体已省状态，应译作一个句子，即 “Whorf对语思维的关系很感兴趣”，develop与idea搭配表 “形成观点”，译作 “发展”不合汉语习惯。Habitual thought 应译作 “习惯思维”，若译作 “思考、思想”均不搭配。
解析：come to do sth 表示了过程的转化，因此应译出 “进而”之意。a sort of 表示 “某种”，译作 “类似于…的（观点）”，in its strongest form 表示 “在其最强烈的形式下”，按汉语习惯直译作 “其极端说法的…”。Imprison 不能译作 “把…关在监狱中，囚禁”，应意译为 “禁锢”，far-reaching应译作 “深远的”， “伸得很远的”为错误译法。
内容大意：
本文讨论语言与思维的关系，开篇即指出古希腊人就认为语言与思维有关联，近代语言学家通过分析部落语言的兴衰也证明语言与文化的不可分割，但也有的语言学衣不恰当地夸大了语言对思维的影响，产生了语言决定论的观点，以为语言甚至文化的结构。
下面是英译汉，这个相对比较简单。今年的关键是题目出的不是特别难。这是我自身的感觉，不是特别难，但是对同学们可能未必就不难。刚才我还在讲一个问题，你去理解英文，一是语言本身，二是你的知识面。为什么说这个比较简单呢？当然对大家来说，也可能是简单，但是也未必简单，只要你懂得这方面的知识。而且我们在讲课的时候，经常在讲，对于听力当中关于英国以及欧洲的地理、历史、文化应该去看一些英语国家概况。至于说阅读理解和翻译，就要揣摩出题人，出题人大部分都是语言学和测试学的，所以他们出题的时候也拣他们比较熟悉的。比如说这篇翻译，讲的就是语言的问题，对出题者来说是再熟悉不过的了。同时，这部分我们又叫阅读，到底翻译考什么？其实翻译还是考的阅读。在前几天讲课的时候，有些老师和同学们都不理解，我们明明讲的翻译，你说是考阅读的。其实在大纲上，刚才我们讲了阅读理解能力一共有七项，前六项是阅读，阅读理解能力的第七项是这样说的，正确理解原文，并用汉语表达出来的，所以它是考的阅读理解能力。那么答题应当如何答？我们答题的时候首先应当分析句法结构，只要句法结构清楚了。第二是代词，翻译的时候，上下文代词到底代什么？看你理解了没有。很多同学可能把when引导的定语从句翻译成了状语从句，不给分。所以总的来讲，翻译部分大约难度值在0.52左右，也就是说52%的答对率。这一篇是10分的话，平均得分应该是5.2分。
2004年考研英语写作范文
Never Stop Making Progress
The drawing vividly shows a runner who is arriving at the finishing line which is also the point he has started from. In the drawing, the runner is running around the track of a playground. On both side of the runner, there are two poles and a line between them. On the ground there are two signs which say "ENDING" and "STARTING". (62)
The painter wants to tell us that, just like running, whatever we are doing, we should never stop making progress. The ending point just means a new starting point at which we should set new goals and continue to pursue them. This view is absolutely right in every sense. Firstly, it applies to individuals as in such a competitive world everybody is trying to get ahead. Secondly, corporations and organizations of any kind should also embrace this view, for they act as an independent person in the market and should always look ahead for new openings and possibilities to enhance business. Thirdly, the country on the whole should move forward in terms of politics, economy, and culture so that we Chinese as a nation can gain sustained respect from other peoples.
Examples to prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive are the cases of famous athletes like FuMingxia and Deng Yaping, whose success is gained through non-stop efforts. It goes without saying if they had been content with being just a regional or national champion and stopped practicing, they wouldn't have accomplished so much and become world-famous. By contrast, a lot of people choose to take a rest to enjoy their small success and thus lose the motivation for further achievement. Similarly, plenty of companies are merged by bigger and more powerful ones just because they are overjoyed with their small profits and unaware of the danger posed by more ambitions rivals. In sum, keeping making progress should be the right attitude towards life and work for everybody and even for a country.(327)
最后是一个写作，我们认为写作并不算太难，我们在辅导的过程当中是经常练的这种形势。但是，有的同学问了，老师我把它写成其他什么样子了。昨天有一个同学问我，说写成其他的什么样子算不算跑题。这个首先要审题，审1、2、3，平时讲课当中我也经常跟大家说，第一让你描述图表，既然让你描述图表，就要看看图表前后左右写的是什么东西。第二个是解释一下这个图画的深刻的含义是什么，一个终点一个起点，到底应该怎么写。第三个，谈一谈你的观点，用例子来例证你观点的正确性。在这里面，我们说第一段应该怎么写，首先“抬头”有没有必要加，如果没让你加，你最好别加。如果带上了，只有坏处，没有好处。第一段让你描述图表，首先第一句话，我们经常讲三段式，每一段最多写三四句话，所以第一段写三句话。这个非常生动的话，展示了一个长跑者，他马上要到了终点了，但是这个点又是他的新起点。第二句话，在这个图画当中，长跑者是围绕着操场上的跑道在跑。在地上写了两个大字终点和起点。这就是描述图表。
第二段，你就要写出含义。第一句话，主题句，我们理解的是画画的人想告诉我们，就像长跑一样，不管我们做什么，我们永远不能停止。
下面可以解释，重点的意思是什么呢？是新起点的开始，我们应当竖起新的目标，继续追求这些目标。这个观点，你是不是同意？所以下面第三句话说的是这句话非常正确，正确的原因是什么呢？一怎样，二怎么怎么样，三怎么怎么样。第二段就结束了。
第三段让你举例，你首先来个主题句，这样的例子很多。举邓亚萍也好，她虽然在河南省得了冠军了，这是一个起点，她还要争全国的冠军，还要争世界的冠军。当然，也可以从相反的方面说，比如说今年考研，如果你考上了研究生之后，这不是结束，而是你从本科到了研究生，研究生又是一个新的起点。这个例子也是一个很好的例子。
当然，最后要整篇做一个呼应。总的来说，不断的进步是一种正确的态度和观点。所以说，我们每个人都应该怎么怎么样，应该从一个终点又到另一个起点，永不停止。这篇作文写下来，我们说问题应当是不大的。所以在今年，我预测一下，作文的难度值大约在0.48到0.50之间。往年都是在0.46，答对率在46%，如果是20分的话大约是在9分多，但是今年会达到10分左右，9到12分之间。今年的题，不能说不难，说不难是因为跟历年没有任何的区别。所以，在这一块，很多同学都上了考研辅导班，对写作的思路也是非常清楚的。所以从今年的分数来讲，比去年略微有高。
| 问天词典 |
