王迈迈英语

, method, minimize, minimum, mitigate, model, moreover, multiple, nearly, necessary, negative, negatively, negligible, nevertheless, numerical, notable, notwithstanding, novel, observation, observe, offset, on the other hand, optimum, otherwise, ostensibly, outweigh, overestimate, paradigm, particular, particularly, parameter, pattern, penultimate, percent, percentage, permanently, pertinent, phase, phenomenon, positive, positively, possibility, possible, possibly, potentially, predict, previously, primarily, primary, probability, probable, probably, problem, problematic, process, propensity, proves, rationale, reason, reasoning, recently, redesign, reduce, redundant, regardless of, relation, relative, relatively, reliability, require, requirement, requires, research, respective, respectively, result, reveal, rigorous, rigorously, riskier, salient, science, severe, severity, significantly, similarly, simultaneous, since, specific, specifically, specified, specify, speculate, speculative, stable, stability, still, stipulate, strengthen, strictly, structure, structured, study, subsequent, subsequently, substantially, success, successive, sufficient, sufficiently, suggest, summarize, suppose, supposition, susceptibility, susceptible, systemic, tangible, technique, temporarily, theoretical, theories, theory, therefore, thus, tractable, tradeoff, traditional, truth, ultimately, unconditional, undeniably, underestimate, understand, understanding, undoubtedly, unfamiliar, uniformly, unique, unless, unmatched, unquestionably, unstable, unusual, valid, validate, validity, variance, variation, weaken, weigh, yield

　　五、难句子的“罪状”

　　GRE中的难句子不是阅读老师渲染出来的，是考生实践检验体会出来的。这些烦难的长句，复合句，复杂修饰句又很容易成为考试题目集中的重点。对于难句概念，论文中给予了统计学上的支持佐证。

　　“As the data indicate, there is a wide disparity between the feature values calculated in the 33 original sources and in the passages that were eventually developed from those sources. For example, the average sentence length of the five original sources is 23.2 words, compared with 35.0 words for the corresponding GRE passages. Similarly, the average type-token ratio for the five sources is .26, compared with .56 for the corresponding GRE passages.”

　　“As noted earlier, the SourceFinder feature labeled UniqWordPerWord is a measure of the size of the vocabulary used in a given document. This feature is also called type-token ratio because it is a ratio of the total number of word types (or unique words) in a document to the total number of word tokens in the document (Youmans, 31 1991). The type-token ratio calculated for a particular document can range from 1, in the case of all unique words, to 1/N where N is the total number of words in the document. Certain word types, (e.g., words known to the information retrieval community as stop words, including .the. and .of.) occur relatively more frequently than so-called content words.”

　　其中句子长度差异比较容易理解，而第二个参数type-token ratio是指全文中独特单词占总文字字数的比例。根据语言学专家研究结论，句子以及文章中独特单词越是多，专业术语和复杂内容一般就更多，最后导致全文理解困难度就提高。可见GRE文章经过原材料的加工和改写后基本特点就是：句子更长，更难理解。由此可见，难句能力往往是征服GRE阅读的基本功之一，而强调提炼句子主体词的工作则有效地针对了type-token ratio参数提示的必要能力，考生必须能具有再充满了学术专业名词的长句子中提出一个理论的关键词，一派观点的区别性特点等。

　　六、课外阅读材料推荐

　　勤奋的考生一直关心课下阅读什么文字材料来提高GRE考试的能力。简单的读普通报纸杂志比如Shanghai Star, China Daily，收获是比较有限的，最根本原因是你从这些文字中读不出最关键的tension感，相反只是一种放松的阅读。除了课堂上推荐的GMAT，LSAT等同类型风格的全真试题之外，参考论文中给出的部分研究时采用的原材料来源，推荐一下材料。这部分期刊对GRE阅读理解的提高是比较“专业对口”的，适合作为一般的泛读材料。

　　African American Review —— social sciences (some humanities)

　　American Journal of Economics and Sociology——social sciences

　　American Scholar —— humanities

　　Art Journal —— humanities

　　Astronomy —— physical sciences

　　BioScience —— biological sciences

　　Black American Literature Forum —— humanities

　　business Horizons —— business

　　Commentary —— social sciences

　　Discover —— biological sciences and physical sciences

　　Feminist Studies —— social sciences (some humanities)

　　Journal of American Ethnic History —— social sciences

　　Journal of Black Studies —— social sciences (some humanities)

　　Journal of Social History —— social sciences

　　The Nation—— social sciences

　　Science News —— biological sciences and physical sciences

　　Scientific American—— biological sciences and physical sciences

　　Sloan Management Review —— business

　　Smithsonian —— social sciences, biological sciences, and physical sciences

　　Technology Review —— biological sciences and physical sciences

　　Wilson Quarterly —— social sciences

　　Women.s Review of Books —— humanities

　　其中很多期刊可以在学校图书馆中找到，考生可以课外泛读，作为长期积累，提高阅读根本能力的途径之一。

　　七、结论

　　纵观整个论文，不仅有大量内容对很多新东方现有阅读中研究的理论做了充分的佐证，也对以后教学工作中的探索方向做出了一定的指引作用。主要是集中在文章套路和风格，议论文特色关键词把握，阅读基本能力和课外参考资料等多方面。

　　博弈的基本概念就是根据对手的行为做出最合适的反映。其实考试和培训某种程度上就是一种博弈。所以能有资料帮助我们站在ETS的立场，了解一些“对手”的详细信息和约束，无疑是对考试进一步深入研究是大有裨益的。相信新东方的老师一定可以挥洒智慧和汗水，将探索进行到底！