高一英语语法定语从句讲义
一、 概述
1．定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。
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关
系
代
词
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who |
代表人，在从句中作主语，不能省略 |
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whom |
代表人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略(但如果担当介词的宾语，则不能省略) |
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which |
代表物，作从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语，引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，作限制性定语从句宾语时可省略 |
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that |
代表人或物，作从句的主语或宾语，只引导限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略（但不能做介词的宾语） |
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whose |
代表人或物的，在从句中作定语，不能省略 |
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as |
代表人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，常与same, such搭配，不能省略 |
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关
系
副
词
|
when |
先行词是表示时间的词，在从句中作时间状语 |
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where |
先行词是表示地点的词，在从句中作地点状语 |
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why |
先行词是reason，在从句中做原因状语 |
e.g. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
(关系代词who表示人，在定语从句中作主语)
The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
（关系代词which表示物，在定语从句中作宾语）
October 1, 1949 is the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
（关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语）
The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it. （关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语）
This is the room where I lived five years ago.
（关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语）
The boy whose composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
（关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语）
That is such a heavy stone as nobody can lift.
（关系代词as在定语从句中作宾语）
The goal for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
2．分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
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限定性定语从句 |
非限定性定语从句 |
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形式上 |
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 |
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 |
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意义上 |
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 |
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 |
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译法上 |
译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” |
通常译成主句的并列句。 |
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关系词的使用上 |
A．作宾语时可省略
B．可用that
C．可用who 代替 whom |
A．不可省略
B．不用that
C．不可用who 代替 whom |
e.g. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
以上三句中，定语从句和主句翻译成两句话，用来补充说明主句，如果被省略，句子仍有完整含义。
二、定语从句中的特殊情况：
1．先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常关系代词 that
1)先行词是all, no none, everyone, everything, anything, something, much, little等不定代词修饰时.
e.g. Is there anything that belongs to you?
He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything that he saw on the way to the Paris.
2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,以及all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the last, the same, the only等词修饰时.
e.g. This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our school.
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.
I’ve read all the books that were borrowed from him.
3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.
e.g. They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
4)若主句中有 | 
